Clocks are the heartbeats of embedded systems, providing timing references and synchronization between components, subsystems, and entire systems. Incorrect clock signal amplitudes and timing can ...

Delay-locked loops (DLLs) are critical components in modern electronic systems, providing robust synchronisation of clock signals in a variety of applications ranging from high-speed communication to ...

The beating heart of mixed-signal processing is delimited by the clock devices that slice the analog world into digital events. Like our own hearts, we don’t pay much attention to them unless ...

In the rapidly evolving landscape of embedded systems, the demand for precise, efficient and real-time control applications continues to surge. Microcontrollers (MCUs) continue to be a critical ...

In the first installment of this course, we learned that a digital value is a quantity that varies “in steps” and can take on only a finite number of values. In today’s logic systems, only two ...

The field of electronics, sensors and digital hardware underpins modern technological progress by integrating miniaturised processing units, advanced sensor systems and robust digital circuitry to ...